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多专业常用英语词汇
一、最新常用经济术语
国民经济、对外经济贸易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE
经济指标 economic indicators
社会总产值 total product of society
国民生产总值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product)
国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita
工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture
国民收入 national income
购买力平价法 purchasing power parity
财政收入 state revenue
社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales
社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index
百分点 percentage points
"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development
计划经济 planned economy
统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing
市场经济 market economy
指令性计划 mandatory plan
指导性计划 guidance plan
市场调节 market regulation
建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule
by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government
抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and
energy supply, education and science and technology
实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and
the quality of population
第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries
外向型经济 export-oriented economy
创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise
劳动密集型 labor intensive
技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive
高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value
优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources
生产力 productive forces
生产资料 capital goods
科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings
火炬计划 Torch Plan
技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock
风险投资 venture investment/capital
固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets
折旧费 depreciation cost
关系民生的产品 products vital to the people's livelihood
供大于求 oversupply
供不应求 short supply
经济过热 overheated economy
抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market
宏观调控 macro-economic control
经济杠杆 economic levers
产业政策 industrial policy
财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange
rate
提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns
社会效益 social effect/returns
实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development
财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)
外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value
外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment
实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use
三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign
joint venture, contractual joint venture
允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation
优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms
减免税收 tax reduction and exemption
合作方式 approaches to cooperation
出资方式 means of contributing investment
合营期限 contract term of a joint venture
三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with
materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)
贸易伙伴 trade partner
转口贸易 transit trade
外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus
积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验 actively introduce capital, technology, competent
professionals and managerial expertise form outside
交钥匙工程 turn-key project
招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system
招标出售技术 bids for technology
公开招标 call for bid; tenders
招标单 invitation for bid (IFB)
标书 bidding document
竟标 competitive bidding
投标 bid for a project
投标报价书 bid proposals
评标 bid proposal evaluation
开标 bid opening
中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender
拍卖 auction
租赁 leasing
保税区 bonded area; free trade area
实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening
统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition
自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration
of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system
知识产权 intellectual property rights
技术转让 technology transfer
可行性研究 feasibility study
意向书 letter of intent
投资环境 investment environment
跨国公司 transnational coorporation
基础设施 infrastructure
20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years
发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies,
managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.
招商 attract investment
招商项目 project proposals for investment
同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the
international usage
加大改革力度 intensify reforms
一条龙服务 one package service
一支笔审批 one-chop approval
我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are
complementary to each other.
平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods
外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing
domestic connections
保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development
经济实力 economic capabilities
龙头 pacemaker; leading role
三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a
construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads,
and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.
瓶颈 bottleneck
以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture
以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects
下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels
统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control
良性循环 positive cycle
国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy
格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.
理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises
政策性亏损 policy-related loss
三角债 chain debts
上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee
企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise
生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish
质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization
批量生产 mass production
以销定产 limit production to market ability
内联企业 inland associated enterprises
菜篮子工程 shipping basket project
国产化 percentage of home-made parts
配套改革 coordinated reforms
配套措施 supporting measures
配套工程 auxiliary project
国内配套资金 domestic funds
向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry
升级换代 upgrading and updating
看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth
行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.
行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price
随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions
片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate
在过渡时期 in a period of transition
粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation
基础地位 leading position
门类齐全 covering extensive fields
存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
贸易顺差 trade surplus
完善的市场和发达的金融体制 well-established market and sophisticated financial system
消灭失业 wipe out unemployment
降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial
order
紧缩银根 tighten the money supply
一位数水平 one digit level
保持双边贸易的平衡 balance the two-way trade
这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。 This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two
countries to forge enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties.
市场疲软 a market slump
库存积压 overstocked products
国家指令性计划 state mandatory planning
统一定价 unified price setting
国家统配物资 materials allocated by state
货币发放 the issue of currency
规范价格秩序 standardize the price order
简化流通环节，增加随机检查 simplify circulation and add more random checks
市场机制开始发挥调节作用。 The market mechanisms are beginning to play their regulatory role.
由于该暗补为明补，粮食购销同价。 Grains are purchased and sold by the same price because covered
allowances are turned into open allowance.
导致价格持续增长的一个重要因素在于物价的逐步放开及价格结构调整。 An important factor (contributing to/resulting
in) substantial price hikes lies in the gradual lifting of prices control and
the structural adjustment of prices.
二、人口生育
常住人口 permanent population
流动人口 floating population
盲流 the unemployed migrant people
劳动力 labor force
外来工 migrant worker
临时工 seasonal worker
人口普查 census
人口基数 population base
人口稠密 densely populated
人口稀少 sparsely populated
人口爆炸 population explosion
人口过剩 overpopulation
出生率 birth rate
死亡率 mortality rate
自然增长率 natural growth rate
人口老化 aging of population
合法婚龄 legal age for marriage
结婚高峰 marriage boom
生育高峰 baby boom period
计划生育 family planning
提倡优生优育,鼓励晚婚晚育 advocate healthy pregnancy and scientific nurture, and encourage
late marriage and postponed child-bearing
破除重男轻女习俗 change attitude of viewing sons as better than daughters
多子多福 the more sons, the more blessings
男尊女卑 Man is superior to woman
传宗接代 carry on the family line
养儿防老 bring up sons to support parents in their old age
避孕 contraception
避孕用品 contraceptives
人工流产 abortion
节育 birth control
产妇 lying-in women
婚前检查 premarriage health checkings
孕产妇死亡率 maternal mortality rate
婴儿死亡率 infant mortality rate
节育率（避孕率） contraceptive prevalence rate
总和生育率 total fertility rate(tfr)
平均预期寿命 life expectancy at birth
每年人口增加数 annual increment of the population
人口基数大 large population base
平均年增长数 average annual increase
平均年增长率 average annual growth rate
城市化 urbanization
人口流动 movement of population
流动人口 floating population
人口老龄化 the aging of population
更替水平 population replacement level
社会保障体系 social security system
农村剩余劳力的转移 the transfer of rural surplus labors
正规的学校教育 formal school education
到去年年末，中国人口已达到11亿8千5百万，比上一年净增长1346万。 By the end of last year, the Chinese
population had reached 1,185 million, a net increase of 13.34 million from a
year ago.
计划生育政策符合中国国情，符合整个国家的利益。 The family control policy suits China’s basic conditions
and serves the interests of the whole nation.
三、政体改革
根据民主化和法制化的要求,积极推进政治体制的改革. 1. According to the demand of democratization and legalization, positive efforts have been made to promote the reformation of political system.
社会主义民主政治的核心是人民当家做主,真正享有法律赋予的各项民主权利. 2. The essence and core of socialist democratic politics is that the people are the masters and they really enjoy various democratic rights endowed by laws.
1979年，全国人民代表大会修改了选举法,各级人民代表大会普遍实行了差额选举,代表正式候选人的名额多于应选名额的1/3至1倍. 3. In 1979, the Electoral Law was revised on the National People's Congress(NPC). Difference election was adopted in all levels of the Congress. Number of formal candidates is more than those to be elected by a rate of 3:1, or 1 time over.
北京市人民代表大会是北京市的国家权利机关,每届任期五年。每年人民代表大会期间,代表要听取和审议市人民政府、市人民法院、市人民检察院的工作报告;审查和批准北京市的国民经济和社会发展计划、预算以及执行情况的报告。代表大会依法选举市人民代表大会常委委员会的组成人员、市长和副市长、市人民法院院长和中级人民法院院长、市人民检察院检察长和市人民检察分院检察长、绊脚石应选的全国人民代表大会代表。市人民代表大会常务委员会是市人民代表大会的常设机构,其主要任务和职能是根据北京市经济和社会发展的需要制订地方性法规,此外,还有依法决定人事任免,加强对法律法规实施情况的监督检查,审议和办理代表大会交付的议案,督促办理代表提出的建议、批评和意见,组织代表参加专题调查、视察等活动。 4. Beijing People's Congress is the organ of State power of Beijing Municipality. It is elected for a term of 5 years. During annual sessions, deputies are to listen to, and to discuss, work reports of the municipal government, the municipal court of justice and the municipal procuratorate; and to examine and ratify reports on plans about national economy and social development of Beijing Municipality, as well as those on the budgets and states of execution. the Congress elects, according to law, members of the standing committee of the congress, the mayor, vice mayors, directors of the municipal court of justice and the intermediate people's court, chief procurators of the municipal procuratorate and of its branches, and deputies to the national people's congress. The standing committee of the Municipal People's Congress is the standing body of the Congress, and its major task is to draft local laws and regulations according to needs of economic and social developments in Beijing. Other activities the Standing Committee is responsible to include: to decide appointing and removing of administrative personnel according to the provisions of the law; to strengthen the superintending and checking on states of execution; to discuss and put to practice the motions put forward by the Congress; to supervise the handling of suggestions, criticisms and opinions put forward by deputies; and to organize activities of investigations on special subjects and of inspection tours by deputies.
人民政治协商制度进一步发展。中共北京市委、北京市人民政府就北京改革开放、经济建设和人民生活的重大问题,同各民主党派和人民团体负责人、无党派人士定期进行协商对话,认真采纳他们提出的建议。 The system of political consultations among the people is further developed. Beijing Municipal committee of CPC and Beijing People's Municipal Government consult and open dialogues regularly with leaders of democratic parties and people's organizations, and non-party personages on important questions of the reformation and opening-up, economic constructions and people's lives in Beijing, and good suggestions they put forward have been seriously adopted.
群众组织 mass organizations
居委会 neighborhood committees
保证将国家机关的工作置于社会的监督下 to ensure the works of state organizations be put under social supervision
深入开展反腐败斗争 to deepen the anticorruption campaign
廉正建设 the construction of honest administering
查处违法违纪案件 to investigate and punish the activities violating the law and discipline
执法部门 law-enforcing departments
废除领导干部终身制 The lifelong official system has been abolished.
按照革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化的要求,把一大批德才兼备的中青年干部选拔到各级领导岗位上来。 According to the demands of "Revolutionizing, Juvenizing and Specializing", a large number of young and middle-aged cadres with both ability and political integrity have been promoted to leading posts of various levels.
注重选拔少数民族干部、妇女干部,积极吸收民主党派人士进入政府各级领导岗位。 Much attention has been paid to select cadres from minority nationalities and from women. Vigorous efforts have been made to absorb personages of democratic parties to leading posts at various levels of governments.
白条 IOU
摆脱许多思想上和体体制上的禁锢 shake off ideological and structural shackles
摆门面 put up an impressive front
百花齐放，百家争鸣 let a hundred fflowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend
百业待举 much remains to be done
拜金主义 money worship
败坏党的名声和社会风气 tarnish the reputation of the Party and degrade social conduct
弊端、矛盾、问题 drawbacks, irregularities and problems
避免经济滑坡 avoid economic downturn
有法必依，执法必严，违法必究 Once a law is put into force, it must be observed and strictly enforced and violators must be brought to justice.
必由之路 the only way leading to
地区壁垒 regional barriers
非关税壁垒 non-tariff barriers
边际生产力较高 higher marginal productive forces
边缘学科 rontier branches of science
编假预算 doctor final reports of revenues and expenditures
编造假帐 falsification of account
变相涨价 raise prices in a disguised form
并重 attach equal importance to
拨乱反正 put wrongs to rights
薄弱工业 bottleneck industries
不合理收费、集资和摊派 impose unreasonable service charges and collect money for countless purposes
不顾条件一哄而起 rush into action in disregard of objective conditions
不够明确的产权 a kind of bague concept of ownership
不良风气 unhealthy ways and customs
不正之风 unhealthy tendency
步子迈得更大一些 take a bolder approach to reform and opening-up
办事拖拉 to be dilatory
保证基本路线和方针的连续性和稳定性 see to it that our basic line, principles and policies are continued and kept stable
本位主义 selfish departmentalism
报请下届人大确认 refer to the next session of the NPC for confirmation
四、农村经济和农业
乡镇企业 township and village enterprise(TVE)
农业总产值 gross output value of agriculture
完善家庭联产承包责任制 improve the houshold contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output
承包耕地 contract land
技术承包制 technology contract responsibility
科技兴农 promote agriculture by applying scientific and technological advances
土地使用权有偿转让 compensated transfer of land-use rights
集约经营 intensive farming cultivation
粗放经营 extensive cultivation
开发性农业 develpment-oriented agriculture
继承开发性生产项目的承包经营权 inherit contracts for management of explorative projects
三高农业（高产、高质、高效） high-yield, high-quality and high-return agriculture
贸工农一体化经营 integrated operations of trade, industry and agriculture
家庭副业 family side-line business
离土不离乡 leave the farmland but not one's hometown; shift from farming to other trades within the rural area
粮食专项储备制度 system of storing food grain for unforeseen needs
农田水利基本建设 irrigation and water conservancy projects
水土保持 water and soil conservation
水土流失 water and soil erosion
开发滩涂 develop shoals
经济作物 cash crop
五、广告用语
广告用语 WORDS AND PHRASES IN ADVERTISEMENT
包君健康 keep you fit all the time
包装新颖美观 fashionable and attractive packages
保证质量 quality and quantity assured
产销历史悠久 have a long history in production and marketing
驰名中外 popular both at home and abroad
穿着舒适轻便 comfortable and easy to wear
工艺精良 sophisticated technologies
规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specifications
赶超世界先进水平 catch up with and surpass advanced world level
花色繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs
花色新颖品种多样 fashionable styles, rich varieties
货源充足 sufficient supplies; ample supply
久负盛名 with a long standing reputation
交货及时 timely delivery guaranteed
价格公道 reasonable price
技艺精湛 fine craftsmanship
经济耐用 economy and durability
具有中国风味 possess Chinese flavours
居同类产品之首 rank first among similar products
品质优良 excellent in quality
品种齐全 complete range of articles
款式多样 various styles
六、简政廉政
国家公务员 public servants
简政放权 streamline administration, institute decentralization
权力下放 delegate decision-making power to lower levels
小机构大服务 minimum institution, maximum service
败坏社会风气 degrade social conduct
不正之风 unhealthy tendency
拉关系 seek favor
走后门 seek advantages through pull; back-door dealing
乱收费 unreasonable service; go-as-you-pay
量入为出 pay-as-you-go
乱摊派 arbitrary requisition of donations
一切向钱看 put money above everything else
打白条 give you an IOU
搞形式主义 be done for show
嫖娼、赌博、吸毒、贩毒 prostitution, gambling, drug taking and trafficking
坚持两手抓 grasp the two links at the same time; attach equal importance to both economic development and ideological and cultural advancement
精神文明 ideological, intellectual, moral and civic education; ideological and cultural progress
高度文明 be culturally advanced
继承和发扬优良传统 inherit and carry forward one's fine traditions
集体主义 community spirit; team spirit
凝聚力 cohesiveness
归属感 sense of belonging
扫黄 anti-pornography drive
廉政建设 building of and incorruptible government
反腐败 combat corruption
行贿受贿 offer and accept bribes
贪赃枉法 embezzle public property
加强法制建设 tighten up the legal system
完备的法制 an all-inclucive legal system
规范市场的法律 laws designed t standardize norms for the market
七、城市建设和管理
城市化 urbanization
合理调整城市布局 reasonable adjustments on urban layouts
拆除危旧房屋 dangerous and old houses are dismantled
住房难,行路难,通讯难 problems of housing, traffic and communication
旧城逐步改建,近郊调整配套,远郊积极发展 reforming the old city step by step, adjusting and matching installations in the outskirts, and making active development in remote outskirts
成片建设地区 vast stretches of construction area
统一规划 integrated planning
卫星城 satellite city
立交桥 overpass
房地产开发 exploitation of real estate
城市建设和管理的总体规划 the overall plan of urban construction and administration
竣工面积 completed residential areas
配套的公共设施 matched public installations
方便市民生活 provide citizens with conveniences
长期的低租金福利性住房制度 the long-existing low-rent welfare housing system
实现住宅商品化 to realize mercantile residences
建立住房公积金 to set up housing accumulation funds
建立单位、政府两级住房基金 to set up housing accumulation funds on the working unit and government levels
出售公有住宅 to sell publicly-owned residences
集资合作建房 to collect funds for cooperative house-building
逐步提高房租 to raise the rent step by step
公共交通客运量 passengers transported by public traffic vehicles
邮政通讯枢纽工程 newly completed postal corresponding pivot project
普及率 popularizing rate
程控电话网 the network of program-controlled telephone
无线寻呼台 wireless paging station
移动电话 movable telephone
日供水能力 daily supplying capacity
集中供热 central heating
变电站 substation
发电厂 power plant
装机容量 installed capacity
输电线路 transmission line
发电设备 generating equipment
绿色屏障 green screen
义务植树日 voluntary tree-planting day
绿色项链 green necklace
外缘防护林带 outer shelter belt
城市绿化覆盖率 Afforestation coverage in the city
园林城市 garden city
锅炉 boiler
煤气、液化石油气和天然气等清洁燃料 clean fuels such as gas, liquified petroleum gas and natural gas
密闭式垃圾桶,垃圾楼,垃圾袋 hermetic garbage cans, garbage towers and garbage bags
烟尘控制达标区 standardized smoke-and-dust-controlling area
非旅游区 non-tourist area
饮用水源 the source of drinking water
水厂 waterworks
污水处理厂 sewage treatment plant
低噪声小区 low-noise residential area
八、交际礼节套语
久仰 I've heard so much about you.
好久不见了 Long time no see.
辛苦了 You've had a long day.You've had a long flight.
尊敬的朋友们 distinguished/Honorable/Respected friends
阁下(多用于称呼大使) Your Excellency
我代表北京市政府欢迎各位朋友访问北京. On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to extend our warm welcome to the friends who have come to visit Beijing.
对您的大力协助，我谨代表北京市政府表示衷心的感谢。 On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to you for your gracious assistance.
在北京过得怎么样？ How are you making out in Beijing?
我一定向他转达您的问候和邀请. I'll surely remember you and your invitation to him.
欢迎美商来北京投资. American businessmen are welcome to make investment in Beijing.
欢迎多提宝贵意见. Your valuable advice is most welcome.
不虚此行 It's a rewarding trip.
您的日程很紧,我们的会见是否就到此为止. As you have a tight schedule, I will not take up more of your time.
请代我问候...先生 please remember me to Mr.
感谢光临 Thank you so much for coming.
欢迎再来 Hope you'll come again.
欢迎以后多来北京 Hope you'll visit Beijing more often.
请留步,不用送了. I will see myself out, please.
多保重 Take care.
祝您一路平安. Have a nice trip.
愿为您效劳。 At your service.
为…举行宴会/宴请 host a dinner/banquet/luncheon in honor of … 欢迎宴会 welcome dinner
便宴 informal dinner
午宴（附有情况介绍或专题演讲等内容） luncheon
便餐 light meal
工作午餐 working luncheon
自助餐 buffet dinner/luncheon
答谢宴会 return dinner
告别宴会 farewell dinner
庆功宴 glee feast
招待会 reception
庆祝中华人民共和国成立四十五周年招待会 Reception Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China
鸡尾酒会 cocktail party
茶话会 tea party
包餐/点餐 table d'hote/a la carte
上菜 serve a courst
您的位置在这里 Here is your seat.
请入席 Please have a seat.
欢聚一堂 enjoy this happy get-together
请随便 Please yourself at home./Please enjoy yourself.
请各位随意用餐 Help yourself please.
您喝点什么？ what would you like to drink?
现在我提议，为了…和…之间的合作，为了…参议员的健康，干杯！ At this point, I propose a toast: to the cooperation between … and … , to the health of Senator…, cheers!
最后，我借主人的酒，提议为…干杯！ Lastly, taking up this glass of fine wine, I propose a toast to … 请各位举杯并同我一起为所有在座的朋友们的健康干杯！ I'd ask you to raise your glass and join me in a toast ot the health of all our friends present here.
敬您一杯。 Here's to you.
祝你健康 To your health.
我要为此干杯 I'll drink to that!
随量 Whatever you like.
我失陪一会儿 Excuse me for a minute.
菜不好，请多多包涵 Hope you enjoy yourself.
女士们先生们，欢迎各位光临，演出很快就要开始了，请尽快就坐。 Ladies and gentlemen, good evening. The concert/show would start soon. Please get yourself seated. Thank you.
招待会现在开始。 The reception will now begin.
全体起立，奏国歌。 All rise please. For the P.R.C.National Anthem.
出席今天招待会的贵宾有 The distinguished guests paarticipating the reception are
现在请…讲话 I have the honour to call upon… 开幕式现在结束。 This concludes the opening ceremony.
隆重庆祝 grand celebration
庆祝成立…一周年 celebrating the 1st Anniversary of the Establishment of … 热烈祝贺第一届…锦标赛 Hail the first FIFA of … 值此节日之际致以节日的祝贺 On the occasion of the season, I would like to extend season's greetings.
祝您工作顺利、事业成功、身体健康、家庭幸福！ Wish you the very best of luck in your job, every successin your future endeavours, good health and a happy family!
衷心祝贺您当选… Hearty congratulations on your recent ecletion as … 举行会议/研讨会/大会/座谈会/学术报告会 hold a meeting/seminar/conference /forum/symposium
赞助人/主办人/承办人/协办人 patron/sponsor/organizer/co-organizer
举行谈判 enter into negotiation
交涉 make representations with sb. on sth./deal with sb.
事物性会谈 talks at working level
对口会谈 counterpart talks
议程项目 items on the agenda
主题 theme
议题 topic for discussion
双方商定的议程 schedule mutually agreed upon
开幕会议 opening session
全体会议 plenary session
开场白 introduction
情况介绍 presentation
小组讨论 panel discussion
同有关单位磋商 hold consultations with the organizations concerned
一轮会谈 one round of talks
决议 resolution
谅解备忘录 memorandum of understanding
现在开会 I declare the meeting open.
请…发言 I invite the representative of …to take the floor.
下面我给各位简要介绍一下北京的经济情况 Nnow I would like to give you a brief overview of Beijing's economy.
我的介绍完了，谢谢。 That's all for my presentation.thank you.
我先说这么多。 So much for my remarks for now.
我要说的就是这些。 That's all for what I want to say.
您看是先谈原则问题呢，还是先谈具体问题？ I wonder if you would like to start with matters of principle or specific issues?
让我先谈一个问题。 If you agree,(With your permission)let me start with one issue
在谈那个问题之前我想对您刚才讲的话谈点看法。 Before we trun to that issue, I wish to make a few comments/remarks on your presentation.
您对此事怎么看呢？ I wish to benefit from your views on this matter./ What is your view on this matter?/ How do you see this matter?
我提议休会十分钟。 I propose a ten-minute break.
我想接着刚才的问题讲下去。 I will pick up where we left off just now.
对不起，我插一句。 Sorry for the interruption but
当然可以。 By all means
怎么都行。 Whatever you say.
我没有异议。 I have no objection
我方对这个问题有异议。 We take exception to this question.
我们高兴地看到 We note with pleasure that
这个日期贵方觉得合适吗？ I wonder if this date wuld be suitable for you?
不知你们上午谈的怎样？ I wonder how the meeting went this morning?
我方很希望贵方能尽早给予肯定的答复。 We would greatlyl appreciate it if you could give us your favourable and prompt commitment as soonas possible.
请你们务必在8月1日前提出意向书。 You are kindly requested to submit the letter of intent on the date no later than 1st August.
纠缠这个问题 entangle this issue
提倡节约 advocate/uphold thriftiness
为了国家的繁荣 for the sake of national property
经受了时间考验的友谊给我留下了很深的印象。 The time-tested friendship leave me a deep impression.
密切注视 Keep close watch on
促进密切合作 spur/promote intensive cooperation
九、财税融资
金融保险 BANKING AND INSURANCE BUSINESS
将原来的高度集中的计划金融管理体制改为实行中央银行体制, 以人民银行为领导，专业银行为主体，保险公司、信托投资公司、农村信用社、城市信用社、证券公司等多种金融机构并存和协作的，多层次、多功能的金融组织体系。 The original highly-concentrated planned banking managing system is transformed into the Central Bank system, that is , establishing a cooperative, multi-levelled and multi-functioned banking organizational system which is bed by the People's Bank of China, operated with specialized banks as the main body and supported by insurance companies, trust investment companies, rural credit cooperatives, city credit cooperatives and stock companies.
信贷资金运行机制 operational mechanism of credit capitals
实贷实存 actual loans and deposits
融通资金 allocate funds
（银行、商业、消费、国家、民间）信用 (banking, commercial, consuming, state and non-governmental)credits
商业票据 commercial bills
国家/企业债券 state/enterprises bonds
股票 stocks
大额定期储蓄存单 large amount deposit receipts
全市初步形成了以同业资金拆借市场证券市场和外汇调剂市场为主内容的金融市场体系。 A banking market system majored by call markets, stock markets and foreign exchange regulating markets is primarily formed in the Municipality.
积极发挥利率的经济杠杆作用。扩大了计息范围划分了利率种类和档次实行区别利率同时推行浮动利率。 Giving full play to the economic lever function of interest rates. Spheres of interest-reckoning are expanded. differentiated interest rates are carried out b dividing interest rates into various kinds and levels. Floating interest rates are adopted.
允许外汇额度和现汇进行市场调节，价格随行就市。 Market regulations of foreign exchange quotas and cash remittances are permitted, and prices are changeable according t changes of the market.
统计结算和信息传递 statistics， account-settling and information transferring
风险责任 risk responsibility
社会保险 social insurance
社会保障 social security
社会福利 social welfare service
失业保险 insurance for the unemployed
退休（养老）金 pensions
生活待遇 material amenities
便民服务 handy service for the public
社会救济对象 people eligible for social relief
社会福利院 social welfare home
财税融资 TAXATION AND FINANCING
财政 revenue and public financing
财政包干 local governments are responsible for their own finance; fiscal contract responsibility system
财税改革 fiscal and tax reform
分税制 system whereby tax revenues are shared by central and local authorities
利税分流 system whereby state-owned enterprises pay tax plus a percentage of profits
累进税率 progressive tax rate
税基 tax base
税种（营业税、所得税、增值税、消费税、流转税、关税） category of tax(business tax, value added tax 〖VAT〗,consumption tax, turnover tax, tariff)
货币投放 money supply
融资（项目贷款、债券股票融资、集资、游资、经常性贷款、贷款利率、赠款、担保人） financing(project financing, financing in the form of bonds and stocks, fund raising, idle funds, commercial lending, lending rate, grants, guarantor)
信贷额度 line of credit
买方信贷/卖方信贷 buyer credits/supplier credits
偿还期限 repayment terms
履约保证金 performance guarantee
差额垫支担保 provide shortfall payment guarantee
优惠贷款 soft loan
混合信贷 mixed credits
宽限期 grace period
回流贷款 recycling loan
还本付息 repay principle and pay interest on loans
回收快 gain quick return
回报率 rate or return (ROR)
盈利能力 profitability
规模效益 an economy of scale
信贷规模管理（存款准备金率、中央银行贷款利率、公开市场业务） control over scale of bank credit (reserve ratio on deposits, central bank's lending rates, open market operations)
最初设立该机构是为了执行反托拉斯法。制订该项法律的目的在于防止垄断和维护竞争。 The agency was originally established to enforce antitrust laws. These laws are designed to prevent monopoly and maintain competition.
建立保险金制度和物品储备制度以便平衡供求关系。 The system of risk-proof fund and material reserve are designed to balance the supply and demand.
经过15年的努力，中国已经初步完成了价格改革，截止到1992年底，靠市场调节价格的商品已占93%。 Following 15 years of effort, China has initially completed prices reform. By the end of 1992, commodities subject to market regulation have accounted for 93%.
进一步扩大市场机制的积极作用，以抵消物价上涨对人民生活水平带来的消极影响。 to further expand the positive role of market mechanism in order to offset the adverse influences of price hikes on the living standard of the people.
采取灵活措施 exercise flexible measures
政府颁布详尽措施打击欺骗性价格和暴利，相关的执行细则将于4月1日生效。新规定将起到限制与保护的双重作用。 The government has enacted sweeping moves/measures against gouging price and staggering/exorbitant/excessive profits, and the related detailed implementation rules will go into effect on 1st of April. The new regulations will play a dual role of restriction and protection.
价格波动再次警告我们不要对粮食价格掉以轻心。 Price fluctuation once again warned us not to treat the grain price lightly.
十、教育与培训
教育和培训 EDUCATION AND TRAINING
人才 qualified people, talented people
自学成才 self-made man
文盲 illiteracy
人才外流 brain drain
尊重知识 respect for learning
尊师重教风尚 social climate of respect for teachers and education
教师节 Teacher's Day
学前教育 preschool education
学龄儿童 children of school age
推广普通话 popularize Beijing pronunciation
普及9年义务教育 make 9-year compulsory education universal
发展德育智育美育体育 receive an education to develop morally, intellectually,
aesthetically and physically
社会集资办学 schools run with funds raised from different walks of life
希望工程 Hope Project
通才教育 liberal education
大专教育 post-secondary education
高等教育 higher education
职业技术教育 vocational and technical education
成人教育 adult education
在职培训 on-the-job training
本科生 undergraduate
专科生 junior college student
学历文凭 academic diplomas
职业资格证书 job qualification certificate
电视大学 TV university
业余大学 spare time university
职工大学 university for employees
夜校 evening school
进修班 continuing study course
速成班 crash course
统考 centralized examination
高考 university entrance examination
自学考试 exams for the self-taught
高等院校 institutions for higher learning
重点大学 key university
师范大学 normal university
学院 college
中等专科学校 secondary technical school
中等职业学校 secondary vocational school
附属中学 affiliated secondary school
代培师资 train teachers for other organizations
住校生 boarder
走读生 day student
教育必须与生产相结合。 Education must be combined with production.
成语和俗语
有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎! How happy we are, To meet friends from afar!
欢聚一堂 enjoy a happy get-together
一见如故 feel like an old friends at first sight
一回生,二回熟 First time strangers, second time friends
共叙旧谊 renew friendship
记忆犹新 remain fresh in one's memory
一言为定 It's a deal.
礼轻情意重 The gift itself may be small, but the goodwill is deep.
一如既往 as always
入乡随俗 When in Rome do as the Romans do.
百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing.
举世瞩目 draw worldwide attention
天时、地利、人和 Good opportunity, favorable geographical location and support from the
people.
政通人和 The government functions well and the people live in harmony.
深入人心 enjoy popular support
名副其实 be true to one's name
名不虚传 deserve one's reputation
日新月异 change with each passing day
盲目发展 pell-mell development
欲速则不达 Haste makes waste; More haste, less speed
千里之行,始于足下 A three-hundred-mile journey starts with the first step.
空谈误国,实干兴邦 empty talks would lead the country astray, and hard work can
rejuvenate the nation.
取长补短 learn from other's strong points and close the gap
求同存异 to seek common ground while reserving differences
英雄所见略同 Great minds think alike.
互谅互让 mutual understanding and mutual accommodation
目光远大 be far-sighted
有识之士 person of insight
光明磊落 be open and aboveboard
己所不欲,勿施于人 Do as you would be done by.
事与愿违 get the opposite of what one intended
同舟共济 be in the same boat
好事多磨 A good gain takes long pain.
旁观者清 An onlooker sees most of the game.
轻而易举 with great ease
十年树木,百年树人 It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to educate
people.
后顾之忧 Troubles bake at home
事实胜于雄辩 Facts speak louder than words
首屈一指 second to none
突飞猛进 make great/rapid strides
牵线搭桥 serve as a bridge
科技兴国 invigorating/boosting/prospering China through science and technology
开源节流 tap new sources of revenue and husband existing resources
开门见山 come straight to the point
积少成多 every little counts/helps
学以致用 learn to meet practical needs
蒸蒸日上 grow with every passingday \ flourishing
精益求精 seeking increasing perfection
统筹兼顾 make overall arrangements
投机倒把/买空卖空 engage in speculation
缺斤短两 short in weight
患难之交 a friend in need is a friend indeed./ tested friends./ share weal and woe
不言而喻 It’s self-evident that
毫无疑问 This is beyond dispute
当务之急 It’s of great urgency that
摆事实讲道理 present the facts and reason things out
如愿以偿 have one’s wish fulfilled
审时度势，顺应潮流 assess the situation, go with the tide
十一、税法
Glossary on International Taxation Laws and Practices
This is a glossary collected from an event on the above theme. However, as there
is a lack of uniformity of Chinese terms of these concepts, these Chinese
translations here may not be the ones you expect to use and indeed you may even
find them unacceptable sometimes. Terms used in international taxation can be
extremely tricky and misleading, which cannot be taken on their face
value. If you find some of them useful and would like to
make sure you understand them correctly, you may consult the right people about
them or you may drop me a note and I will try to help.
--- James Feng with the help of David Zhang, Aug. 15, 2001
"check-the-box" rule “打勾选择”规定
active income 主动收入
APA (advance pricing agreement) 事先定价协议
arm's length method 独立企业交易法
arm's length price 独立企业间价格
base company rule 基地公司规定
best method rule 最佳方法规定
blocked income 滞留收入
branch rule 分支机构规定
burden of proof 举证责任
carried back 向前结转
carried forward 结转（向后期）
CFC (controlled foreign company) 控股外国公司
COD (cancellation of debt) 取消债务
consolidate 合并
CPM (comparable profit method) 可比利润法
CUP (comparable uncontrolled pricing)
current rule 现行规则
current tax 本期税额
deduction 扣除
deemed dividend 认定的红利
deferral 递延
device 工具
dual residence 双重居民
earnings stripping 收益剥离
excess credit position 超额抵扣情况
excess interest expense 超额利息支出
exemption 免除
force of attraction 吸引力规定
formula apportionment 公式分配法
generic products 仿制品（药物专利用语）
global jurisdiction 属人原则
goodwill 商誉
gross rate 毛税率
income 所得
interest expense 利息支出
IR code 国内税法
IRS 国税局
jurisdiction 辖区
LLC 有限责任公司
mobile 流动性（指可在世界各地作公司业务）
net rate 净税率
partnership 合伙人制
passive income 被动收入
phantom income 虚幻收入
physical presence 实际存在(居住)
pooling of interest 股权联营法
portfolio exemption 组合投资免税
profit split 利润分配
purchasing method 盘购法
recognition 确认（会计）
royalty 使用费
source 来源
super royalty rule 超级使用费规定
tax credit 税收抵扣
tax haven 避税港
tax holiday 减税期
tax planning 避税计划
tax sparing 税收抵扣限制
territorial jurisdiction 属地原则
thin capitalization rule 低股本规则
threshold 下限
trade or business 业务或经营
transfer pricing 转移价格
treaty （双边税务）协议
treaty override 协议优先
treaty shopping 协议寻找
withholding tax 预提税
十二、微机和自动化
access control list 存取控制表
aggregate speed 合并速度
any to any 任意至任意
API 应用编程接口
backplane 底板
cascade 级联
chassis 底板
clustering 集群
dark fibre 暗光纤
DWDM 密集波分多路复用
entry level 入门级
failover 故障切换
FC-AL 光纤通道仲裁环
fibre channel switch 光纤通道
for/backward 正/反向
frame blocking 桢阻塞
frame filtering 桢过滤
FRU 可现场替换单元
FSPF 最短路径优先
full duplexing 全双工
full fabric switch 全FABRIC 交换
GBIC 千兆位接口转换器
graceful downgrade 舒缓降级
hardware enforced zoning 硬件强制分区
header 桢头
hecterogeneous 兼容
host bus adaptor 主机总线适配器
host library 主机库
hub 集线器
increment counter 增量计数器
ISL trunking 干线合并
LAN free 免LAN
latency 延时
legacy loop device 老式环路
LUN 逻辑单元号
MAN 城域网
mess 网格
MIB 信息管理库
migration 迁移
modular component 模块化元件
MTBF 平均故障间隔时间
MTTR 平均维修时间
outage 中断故障
pay as you go grow approach 按增长支付成本
plug and play 即插即用
port 端口
POST 通电自检
propogate 散布
rack 机架
redundant 冗余
SAN 存储区域网络
Simple Name Server 简易名称服务器
single enclosure 一盒
single point failure 单段式故障
SNMP 简单网络管理协议
storage volume 存储卷
sub second rerouting 子秒重路由
system mapping 系统影射
terabite 太位
threshhold 阈值
throughput 吞吐量
topology 拓扑
translative mode 转换模式
zoning 分区
32 bit Z/stencil buffers 32位Z/模板缓冲
3D graphic solutions 三维图形解决方案
480i component scan 480i隔行扫描
9-pin-to-component output cable 9芯分量输出电缆
a 16:9 expect ratio 16:9长宽比
a 3D hair texture volume
adaptive de-interlacing engine 自适应反交错引擎
add in card manufacture 插卡制造商
advanced zoom features for detailed editing 高级缩放特性
AGP card AGP卡
alpha, red,green and blue (ARGB) 阿尔法通道红绿蓝
anisotropic filtering 各向异性过滤
antialiasing setting 抗锯齿设点
application extensions for Microsoft Internet Explorer & Microsoft
Office IE/MC应用程序扩展功能
auto pre-charge 自动预装载
back buffer 后台缓冲
bilineer or trilinear texture filtering 双线性或三线性纹理过滤
binormal 3D vectors 双法向3D矢量
bit depth 位深度
bit map 位图
buffers 缓冲区
clock cycle 时钟周期
clone mode 克隆模式
color data 颜色数据
color space conversion (CSC) 颜色空间转换
concentric shell 同心壳层
content scrambling system CSS 内容播散系统
crossbar architecture 交叉式内存控制器架构
crossbar-based memory controller 交叉内存控制器
depth complexing 深度复来性
Detonator XP software architecture
digital vibrance control 数码明亮控制
disk images 磁盘镜象
display refresh 显示刷新
double data rate (DDR) 双数据率
dual 350Mhz
Dual CRT pipes
dual vertex shaders 双顶点着色引擎
dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) 动态随机存取存储器
fast clearing of Z buffers 快速Z缓冲清除
fast Z- clar 快速Z轴数据清零
flat pannel display 平板显示
flicker 抖动
frame per second 帧率
frame rate 帧速率
front frame buffer 前台帧缓冲
full screen antialiasing 全屏抗锯齿效果
fur with per pixel lighting 单象素光照的皮毛效果
game console 游戏控制台
gamma characteristics
GeForce 3 Titanium
geometry buffer 几何缓冲
gradation
graphic boards 图形板
graphic process unit 图形处理器
hardware subpicture alpha blending 硬件子象素alpha混合
HD component output 高清晰度分量输出
instruction sets 指令集
inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) 逆离散余炫
inverse guantization (IQ) 逆量子化
jaggies 锯齿
Lightspeed Memmory Architecture II (LMAII) 第二代光速内存架构
local graphics memory 本地显存
lossless Z-buffer compression 无损Z缓冲压缩
low cost Vanta
luminance and chrominance information 亮度和色度信号
master sync generator 主同步发生器
memory bus bandwidth 内存总线带宽
mobile workstation GPU, Quadro 2 移动工作站图形处理器
motion compensation 运动补偿
multi texturing 多重贴图
multiple texture maps = mip maps 若干映射图
muti-display functionality 多屏显示功能
navigation of the DVD DVD导航
nForce Integrated Graphics Processor (IGP) Nforce 集成图形处理器
nForce Media and Communications Processor (MCP) Nforce 媒体和通信处理器
normal tangent 法向切线
Northbridge/southbridge chipset architecture 北桥/南桥芯片集架构
NVIDIA
Nvidia custom thermal system NVIDIA专用散热系统
NVIDIA personal cinema NVIADIA 个人影院
Nview multidisplay technology 多屏显示技术
offloading the CPU 减轻CPU的负担
page management 页管理
parsing of the data stream 数据流解析
pasterized 马赛克
patches 片面
personal video recorder 个人视频录象机
phosphors = display 显示
pixel fill rate 象素填充速度
pixel reads 象素读取
pixel rendering 像素渲染
pixel shaders 象素着素
pixel writes 象素回写
polygons 多边性
primitive, vertex, texture, and pixel information 图元数据,顶点数据
programmable matrix palette skinning 可编程矩阵调色板作皮
progressive-scan 逐行扫描
project 映射
Quad Cache memory caching sybsystem 4内存高速缓存子系统
quincunx
sample position 取样位置
scale 缩小
setup files for users 用户设置属性文件
shadow buffer
span mode 分屏模式
subpixel 子象素
surface frame 表面帧
temporal quantizatim errors
texel 纹理元素
texture caching 高速纹理缓存
texture mapping 纹理贴图
texture reads 纹理读取
texture sample 纹理样本
texture sharpening 纹理锐利度增强
texturing 材质贴图
the diagonal edge of an object
time-shifting 时间平移
tri-level sync 三极同步
undersampling 取样不足
unified driver architecture UDA 统一驱动架构
vertex and pixel shading
vertex deformation 顶点变形
vertex normal 顶点法线
video processing engine 视频处理引擎(VPE)
viewing vector 视点矢量
Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct凹凸纹理
Z-occlusion culling Z轴闭塞图元剔除
Z-value Z值
十三、医学
Adenovirus 腺病毒
Affected area 疫区
Antiviral 抗病毒
Avian influenza (bird flu) 禽流感
Bilateral pulmonary multiple change 双肺多发性改变
Blood count, blood cultures, sputum cultures 血细胞计数，血培养
Bronchitis 支气管炎
Bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎
Carrier 携带者
Case definition 诊断标准
Category B notifiable disease 乙类传染病
Causative virus 致病病毒
Chest X-rays 胸透
Chlamydia 衣原体
Chlamydia inclusion body 衣原体包含体
Clinical symptoms 临床特征
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性或群落性肺炎
Coronavirus 冠状病毒
Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when sneezing or coughing 打喷嚏、咳嗽时用纸巾捂住口鼻
Cross-tabulation of the various specimens 样本列表交叉对比
Disinfectant or a diluted bleach 消毒剂或漂白溶剂
Epidemiological study, clinical diagnosis, field investigation and sampling, lab
testing 流行病学调查、核实诊断、现场取样、实验室检查
Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Fluoroquinolones and their
derivatives (e.g. levofloxacin), Tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline) Macrolide 红霉素阿奇霉素克拉霉素多西环素（如：脱氧土霉素）四环素
（强力霉素）大环内酯类
Etiology 病原学
Expectoration 咳痰
Face mask 口罩
Flake-like infiltrated shadow 片状浸润阴影
Gene fragment cloned into a bacteria 克隆到细菌的基因片段
Genomic sequencing of the virus 病毒的基因排序
Good personal hygiene 良好个人卫生
Good ventilation 通风
Health care settings/facilities 医疗机构
Hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热
Hospital accident and emergency dept. 急诊室
Idiopathic 自发性
Incubation period 潜伏期
Interstitial inflammation change 间质性炎症改变
Isolation Order 隔离令
Legionella 军团菌
Leptospriosis 钩端螺旋体病
Liquid soap 洗手液
lobarpneumonia 典型大叶性肺炎
Mechanical ventilation 人工呼吸
Mutate 突变
Mycoplasma 支原体
(Neurological syndromes): meningitis, myelitis, encephalitis) （神经综合症）：脑膜炎、脊髓炎、脑炎
Non-specifity 非特异性
Notice to Strengthen the Control of Respiratory Diseases in
Spring 《加强春季呼吸道传染病防治工作的通知》
Notifiable disease 法定传染病
Oxygen supplementation 补氧
Para-chlamydia 副变异性衣原体
Paramyxo virus 副粘液病毒
Pathogen 病原体
Pharyngitis 咽炎
Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌
Primary caseImported case 原发性病例输入性病例
Prognosis 预后诊断
Protective antibody 保护抗体
Pulmonary anthrax 肺炭疽
Pulmonary plague 肺鼠疫
Quarantine Ordinance 检疫令
Radix Isatidis granules 板蓝根冲剂
Reagent 试剂
Respiratory tract infection 呼吸道感染
Ribavirin (a broad spectrum antiviral drug) 三氮唑核苷，利巴韦林(广谱抗生药) (广谱抗生药)
Richettsia 立克次体
Seek early medical advice 早就医
Sentinel point 哨点
Serological testing 血清学检查
Status of the disease 疫情
Steroid treatment 类固醇疗法
Strain 病毒株
Streptococcus (a bacteria causing classical pneumonia) 链球菌
Surveillance center 监控中心
Symptoms: fever, chills, headache, body ache, coughing, shortness of breath,
difficulty in breathing, muscular stiffness, loss of appetite (anorexia), rash,
diarrhea, malaise,hemolytic anemia 症状： 萎靡不振 溶血性贫血
Technical protocols 技术方案、规范
Transmitted by droplets and direct contact with a patient’s
secretions 近距离飞沫和接触传播
Virology 病毒学
非典型性肺炎（严重急性呼吸道综合症）词汇表（中——英）
Glossary - Atypical Pneumonia /Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
板蓝根冲剂 Radix Isatidis granules
保护抗体 Protective antibody
病毒的基因排序 Genomic sequencing of the virus
病毒学 Virology
病毒株 Strain
病原体 Pathogen
病原学 Etiology
补氧 Oxygen supplementation
打喷嚏、咳嗽时用纸巾捂住口鼻 Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when sneezing or coughing
典型大叶性肺炎 Lobarpneumonia
法定传染病 Notifiable disease
非特异性 Non-specifity
肺鼠疫 Pulmonary plague
肺炭疽 Pulmonary anthrax
肺炎球菌 Pneumococcus
副变异性衣原体 Para-chlamydia
副粘液病毒 Paramyxo virus
隔离令 Isolation Order
钩端螺旋体病 Leptospriosis
冠状病毒 Coronavirus
红霉素阿奇霉素克拉霉素多西环素脱氧土霉素四环素 （强力霉素）大环内酯类 Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin,
Fluoroquinolones and their derivatives (e.g. levofloxacin), Tetracyclines (e.g.
doxycycline) Macrolide
呼吸道感染 Respiratory tract infection
回顾性调查 Retrospective review
急诊室 Hospital accident and emergency dept.
技术方案、规范 Technical protocols
《加强春季呼吸道传染病防治工作的通知》 Notice to Strengthen the Control of Respiratory Diseases in
Spring
间质性炎症改变 Interstitial inflammation change
监控中心 Surveillance center
检疫令 Quarantine Ordinance
近距离飞沫和接触传播 Transmitted by droplets and direct contact with a patient’s
secretions
军团菌 Legionella
康复出院 Recover and be discharged from hospital
抗病毒 Antiviral
咳痰 Expectoration
克隆到细菌的基因片段 Gene fragment cloned into a bacteria
口罩 Face mask
类固醇疗法 Steroid treatment
立克次体 Richettsia
链球菌 Streptococcus (a bacteria causing classical pneumonia)
良好个人卫生 Good personal hygiene
临床特征 Clinical symptoms
流行病学调查、核实诊断、现场取样、实验室检查 Epidemiological study, clinical diagnosis, field
investigation and sampling, lab testing
出血热 Hemorrhagic fever
脑膜炎，脊髓炎，脑炎(神经综合症) Meningitis, myelitis, encephalitis (neurological syndromes)
片状浸润阴影 Flake-like infiltrated shadow
潜伏期 Incubation period
禽流感 Avian influenza (bird flu)
人工呼吸 Mechanical ventilation
三氮唑核苷，利巴韦林(广谱抗生药) Ribavirin (a broad spectrum antiviral drug)
哨点 Sentinel point
社区获得性或群落性肺炎 Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
试剂 Reagent
双肺多发性改变 Bilateral pulmonary multiple change
通风 Good ventilation
突变 Mutate/mutation
洗手液 Liquid soap
腺病毒 Adenovirus
消毒剂或漂白溶剂 Disinfectant or a diluted bleach
携带者 Carrier
胸透 Chest X-rays
血清学检查 Serological testing
血象，血培养,唾液培养 Blood count, blood cultures, sputum cultures
咽炎 Pharyngitis
样本列表交叉对比 Cross-tabulation of the various specimens
衣原体 Chlamydia
衣原体包含体 Chlamydia inclusion body
医疗机构 Health care settings/facilities
乙类传染病 Category B notifiable disease
疫情 Status of the disease
疫区 Affected area
预后诊断 Prognosis
原发性输入性 Primary caseImported case
早就医 Seek early medical advice
诊断标准 Case definition
症状： 萎靡不振 溶血性贫血 Symptoms: fever, chills, headache, body ache, coughing, shortness
of breath, difficulty in breathing, muscular stiffness, loss of appetite
(anorexia), rash, diarrhea, malaise,hemolytic anemia
支气管肺炎 Bronchopneumonia
支气管炎 Bronchitis
支原体 Mycoplasma
制病病毒 Causative virus
自发性 Idiopathic
十四、化学化工
Ammonium phosphate 磷酸铵
Ammonium sulphate 硫酸铵
Asphalt hot mix 沥青热混凝料
ATS (Ammonium thiosulphate) 硫代硫酸铵
Brimstone 硫磺
Caprolactam 己内酰氨 (卡普隆)
China Phosphate Industry Association (CPIA) 中国磷肥工业协会
China Sulphuric Acid Industry Association (CSAIA) 中国硫酸工业协会
Code of Federal Regulations 美国联邦运输法
Department of Transportation 美国运输部
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 磷酸二铵
Elemental sulphur (brimstone, ES) 硫磺
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 美国环境保护署
EU - European Union 欧洲联盟
Exemption 豁免
FAI -Fertiliser Association of India 印度肥料协会
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization 联合国粮农组织
of the United Nations
FC – Fluorocarbon 氟化碳
FCMP - Fused calcium magnesium phosphate 钙镁磷肥
FGD - Flue gas desulphurization process 尾气脱硫过程
Flammable Solid Class 4.1 可燃性固体
Formed sulphur 形状固体硫磺
Frasch sulphur 矿产硫磺
FSU - Former Soviet Union 前苏联
GDP - Gross domestic product 国民生产总值
Gypsum 石膏
Hazardous Materials REgulations 危险物质管理条例
IFA - International Fertilizer Industry 国际肥料工业协会
Association
IMF - International Monetary Fund 国际货币组织
MAP - monoammonium phosphate 磷酸一铵
Molten sulphur 液体硫磺
Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) 磷酸一铵
NPK - Nitrogen, phosphate, and potash 氮，磷，钾
Oil sands 油砂
ore leaching 矿物淋洗
Phosphogypsum 磷石膏
PNS - Plant nutrient sulphur 植物养分硫
Pyrites 硫铁矿
Pyrites cinders 硫铁矿制硫酸后的残渣
Recovered sulphur 回收硫磺
Screening test 筛选测定
Single superphosphate (SSP) 过磷酸钙
Smelter 冶炼厂
Smelter acid 冶炼回收硫酸
Special Provision 特殊条例
Transport Canada 加拿大运输部
Transport Dangerous Goods Regulations 危险物质运输管理条例
Sour crude and gas 酸性原油和天然气
Sulphur asphalt 硫磺沥青
Sulphur bentonite 硫磺班脱土
Sulphur concrete 硫磺水泥
Sulphur in all forms (SAF) 各种形式硫
Sulphur in other forms (SOF) 其它形式硫
Sulphur polymer cement (SPC) 硫磺聚合物水泥
Sulphuric acid 硫酸
Sulphuric acid extraction/electrowinning 硫酸浸提-电析法生产铜
method for producing copper (SX/EW)
The Sulphur Institute (TSI) 国际硫研究所
Triple superphosphate (TSP) 重磷酸钙
United Nations (UN) 联合国
United Nations Committee of Experts 联合国危险物质运输专家委员会
on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
US Department of Agriculture (USDA) 美国农业部
Virgin Acid 新产硫酸
Viscosity 粘度
Wet-process phosphoric acid (WPPA) 湿法生产磷酸
World Trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织
十五、煤气化有关词汇
aerosol propellant 气溶胶喷射剂
aftertreatment 后处理
ammonia 氨
Annual capacity factor 年均利用率
Annual capital charge rate 年均资本回收率
aromatic 芳族化合物
As-received 收到基(煤)
atmospheric pollution 大气污染
Auto-ignition temperature 自燃温度，自燃点
biodiesel 生物柴油
Biomass 生物质
Blend 混和
Boiling point 沸点
Capacity 容量
capital intensity 资本强度
Carbon balance 碳平衡
Carbon emission 二氧化碳排放
Carbon sequestration 埋存碳(二氧化碳)
Carbon(CO2) capture and storage 回收并储存碳(二氧化碳)
Catalyst 催化剂
CBM 煤层气
C-C bond 碳-碳化学键
Cetane (number) 十六烷值
Chemical feedstock 化工原料
Chemicals 化工产品
CNG 压缩天然气
CO2 二氧化碳
Coal (syngas) polygeneration 煤气化多联产
Coal derived 煤基
Coal mining 采煤
Coal slurry 水煤浆
coal steam-electric plant 火电厂
Coal,steam plant with FGD 火力发电厂烟气脱硫
Co-capture / Co-storage （或CC+CS） 联合回收/联合存储
cold start 冷态启动
Commercial scale 大规模、工业规模
Compression-ignition engine or CIE 压燃式发动机
Cool Water demonstration 冷水示范电厂
Cooling water 冷却水
coproduct 副产物
Co-production 联产
Cost estimate 成本估计
Cracking catalyst 裂化催化剂
Crude oil 原油
DCL / Direct coal liquefaction 煤直接液化
Dehydration of methanol 甲醇脱水反应
Density 密度
Desulfurization 脱硫
diesel engine 柴油发动机
Dimethyl ether or DME, CH3OCH3 二甲醚
Direct liquefaction technology 直接液化技术
Disengagement zone 分离区
electricity or power generation 发电
Energy balance 能量平衡
Energy Mix 能源构成
Equilibrium limit 化学平衡限制
Equivalent 等价物
ER for emission rate 排放率
Externality 外部因素
Financial cost 经济成本，财务成本
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or F-T 费脱合成
Flammability limits 可燃极限
FTL for F-T liquids 费脱合成液体燃料
Fuel cycle 燃料循环
Gasification 气化
Gasoline 汽油
Gas-phase reactor 气相反应器
GHG emissions mitigation 减排温室气体
Global warming 全球变暖
Greenhouse gas or GHG 温室气体
Grid 电网
Grind 碾碎
GTL for Gas To Liquids 气变油
H2/CO ratio or H/C ratio 合成气中氢气/一氧化碳含量比，氢碳比
H2S 硫化氢
HC for hydrocarbon 烃，碳氢化合物
HC fuel 烃类燃料
Health cost 健康损害
Heating 采暖
heavy-duty 重型的
Hybrid-electric 混合电能
hydrogenation 加氢作用
ICL for Indirect Coal Liquefaction 煤间接液化
IGCC plant 整体煤气化联合循环电厂
Installed capital cost 建设投资成本
intellectual property 知识产权
JV for joint venture 合资企业
Life cycle 全生命周期
Liquefaction 液化
Liquid-phase 液相
Liquid-phase reactor 液相反应器
Location factor 区域因子
LowEff Low efficiency
Lower heat value 低位热值
LPG 液化石油气
Lube oil 润滑油
methane 甲烷
Methanol or MeOH, CH3OH 甲醇
middle distillate 中间馏份
Mitigation 减少，减排
Mtce 一种能量单位 百万吨标煤
NOx 氮氧化物
noxious material 有害物质
Off the shelf 现货供应
One-through design 一次通过方式
Operating & maintenance / O&M 运行维护
Overnight 隔夜
oxygenated fuel 氧化燃料
Oxygen-blown gasification 氧吹气化
Ozone 臭氧
paraffin 石蜡
Pilot plant scale 试验厂规模
PM for particulate matter 颗粒物
Poly-generation 多联产
Poly-generation technology 多联产技术
Power island 动力岛
power sector 电力行业
ppb level 十亿分率水平
pressurized canister 加压罐
Process configuration 工艺配置
Process heat 工艺用热
Production cost 生产成本
Propane 丙烷
public good 公共福利
Purge gas 净化气体
Quench 激冷
Reaction conditions: P for pressure, T for temperature 反应条件: P代表压力，T代表温度
Recycle design 循环方式
reduce 还原；减少
refinery 炼油
renewable energy 可再生能源
residual 渣油
Saturator 饱和器
semi-refined 半精制的
Single(or One)-pass conversion 一次通过的转化率
Slurry 浆
SO2 二氧化硫
social cost 社会成本
Soot 烟灰
Spark-ignition engine 火花引燃式发动机
Stand-alone 单独的
Streamline 简化,使有效率
Sulfur 硫
Syncrude 合成原油
Syngas or synthesis gas 合成气
Syngas park 合成气园
Synthesis 合成
Synthesis conversion 合成转化率
synthesis reactor 合成反应器
Synthetic fuel 合成燃料
TFEST
TI for Technical Infrastructure 技术基础设施
toxic metal 有毒金属物
Unreacted 未反应的
USDOE 美国能源部
Vapor pressure 蒸汽压
Vent 排放
Water gas shift / WGS 水煤气变换
来源:翻译中国