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三氯乙烯（Trichloro ethylene CHCl=CCl2)是无色有毒液体，有类似氯仿气味，不溶于水，性质稳定，不易燃烧，不会爆炸，沸点86.7℃，适作金属脱脂剂和油脂萃取剂，是CFC - 113出现以前广泛使用的油污清洗剂，但由于它在光照条件下遇水蒸汽会慢慢分解产生有剧毒的光气，所以目前已被限用，属于被劳动卫生管理法规、环境保护法规限制使用的清洗剂，它在空气中的暴露浓度也被严格限制
（1）接触机会：工业上主要用作金属的脱脂剂和脂肪、油、石蜡等的萃取剂，也用于有机合成工业。过去医学上曾用麻醉剂。
（2）毒性及主要临床表现：三氯乙烯属于蓄积性麻醉剂，可经呼吸道、消化道及皮肤吸收。对中枢神经系统有强烈抑制作用，并有一定的后作用。其麻醉作用稍次于氯仿。 急性中毒 轻者呈头痛、头晕、耳鸣、酩酊感，步态不稳，疲乏，易激动，癔病样表现，嗜睡或失眠，肢本发麻，震颤，肌肉和关节疼痛等。重者谵妄、抽搐、神志不清、昏迷、呼吸麻痹或循环衰竭。可引起中毒性肝炎及三叉神经麻痹，呈嗅觉、味觉障碍，面部、舌前部感觉丧失。 慢性中毒 呈疲乏无力、工作能力减退，头痛、发作性头晕、睡眠障碍，胃肠功能紊乱，心悸，胸部压迫感，心律不齐，周围神经炎，植物神经功能障碍和肝脏损害等。三叉神经麻痹的特点和急性中毒后所见相同。 皮肤接触能引起皮炎、湿疹及造成皮肤干裂和继发性感染。
（3）生殖、发育毒性：Петров-Маслаков报告（1973），接触三氯乙烯的女工，先兆流产、自然流产及早产的发病率均较对照组为高。妊娠高血压综合征发病率亦高于对照组，但妊娠恶阻的发病率低于对照组，作者认为这可能与三氯乙烯对神经系统的麻醉作用有关。分娩活动无力及产后子宫复旧不全的发病率高于对照组。 动物实验 给大鼠及小鼠于妊娠6～15天每日以300ppm三氯乙烯染毒7小时，未出现致畸效应，母鼠及胎鼠均未出现毒性反应。 对雄性小鼠以50、202及450ppm浓度三氯乙烯染毒24小时后与雌鼠交配，未出现显性致死效应，生殖力未受影响。 三氯乙烯是生产中使用较多的溶剂之一，故对其生殖毒性及发育毒性问题应予注意。
（4）预防：我国目前规定的最高容许浓度为30mg/m3。
| Synonyms | Trichloroethylene |
|---|---|
| Trichloroethene | |
| Ethene, trichloro | |
| Ethylene trichloride | |
| TCE | |
| Analytical Methods | EPA Method 502.2 EPA Method 503.1 EPA Method 524.1 EPA Method 524.2 EPA Method 601 EPA Method 624 EPA Method 8010B EPA Method 8021A EPA Method 8240B EPA Method 8260A |
| Molecular Formula | C2HCl3 |
| Use | IN DEGREASING, IN DRY CLEANING; IN MFG ORG CHEM & PHARMACEUTICALS IN GAS PURIFICATION, AS A SOLVENT OF SULFUR & PHOSPHORUS REFRIGERANT & HEAT EXCHANGE LIQUID; DILUENT IN PAINTS & ADHESIVES; TEXTILE PROCESSING; AEROSPACE OPERATIONS (FLUSHING LIQUID OXYGEN) CLEANING SOLVENT, ESP IN VAPOR DEGREASING CHAIN TERMINATOR IN PRODN OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE SWELLING AGENT IN DISPERSE DYEING OF POLYESTERS AGENT IN REMOVAL OF BASTING THREADS IN TEXTILE PROCESSING CHEM INT FOR 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHYL SULFENYL CHLORIDE SOLVENT IN ADHESIVES & PAINT-STRIPPING FORMULATIONS HEAT TRANSFER MEDIUM-EG, IN CASE HARDENING OF METALS SOLVENT BASE FOR METAL PHOSPHATIZING SYSTEMS SOLVENT IN CHARACTERIZATION TEST FOR ASPHALT ENTRAINER FOR RECOVERY OF FORMIC ACID EXTRACTION SOLVENT-EG, FOR CAFFEINE Used as household cleaner; with trichloroethane it is used in most typewriter correction fluid. /SRP: Former use Used in wool-fabric scouring Extractant for spice oleoresins. Intermediate in the production of pentachloroethane. Carrier solvent for the active ingredients of insecticides, and fungicides. Medication (Vet): Inhalation anesthetic. Former use |
| Consumption Patterns | Demand: (1982): 240 million pounds; (1983): Est 235 million pounds; 1987: Est 215 million pounds. Vapor degreasing of fabricated metal parts, 80%; chemical intermediate, 5%; miscellaneous used, 5%; exports, 10% (1985) Vapor degreasing of fabricated metal parts, 66%; chemical intermediates, miscellaneous domestic uses, 5%; exports, 22%. CLEANING SOLVENT, 89%; CHAIN TERMINATOR, 9%; OTHER, 2% (1980 EST) |
| Apparent Color | CLEAR, COLORLESS, OR BLUE MOBILE LIQUID |
| Odor | Ethereal odor ; CHLOROFORM-LIKE ODOR ; Sweet odor |
| Boiling Point | 87 DEG C |
| Melting Point | -73 DEG C |
| Molecular Weight | 131.40 |
| Density | 1.4649 @ 20 DEG C/4 DEG C |
| Odor Threshold Concentration | 10 mg/l (in water) Purity not specified 5.00X10-1 mg/l (liquid) (detection in water) 2.14X10 1 ppm (recognition in air) (chemically pure) |
| Sensitivity Data | Exposure to trichloroethylene vapor may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Liquid: irritating to skin and eyes. |
| Drinking Water Impact | SURFACE WATER: 1-24 ppb industrial rivers in US, with Lake Erie - 188 ppb, 88 of |