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新《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB5749- 项目解读:环氧氯丙烷
环 氧 氯 丙 烷；1-氯-2,3-环氧丙烷,氯甲代氧丙环
Epich lorohydrin；Chloromethyloxiran,1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
分 子 式： O C H 2 C H C H 2 Cl 简称 ECH
分 子 量： C3H5ClO=92.58
性 状： 无色或浅黄色透明液体。易挥发。能与醇、醚、三氯甲烷相混溶；不溶于水。
环氧氯丙烷是一种重要的有机化工原料和精细化工产品，用途十分广泛。以它为原料制得的环氧树脂具有粘结性强，耐化学介质腐蚀、收缩率低、化学稳定性好、抗冲击强度高以及介电性能优异等特点，在涂料、胶粘剂、增强材料、浇铸材料和电子层压制品等行业具有广泛的应用。此外，环氧氯丙烷还可用于合成甘油、硝化甘油炸药、玻璃钢、电绝缘品、表面活性剂、医药、农药、涂料、胶料、离子交换树脂、增塑剂、（缩）水甘油衍生物、氯醇橡胶等多种产品，用作纤维素酯、树脂、纤维素醚的溶剂，用于生产化学稳定剂、化工染料和水处理剂等。
| Synonyms | Epichlorhydrin |
|---|---|
| Epichlorohydrin | |
| 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane | |
| Oxirane, 2-(chloromethyl)- | |
| Analytical Methods | EPA Method 8010B |
| EPA Method 8240B | |
| EPA Method 8260A | |
| Molecular Formula | C3H5ClO |
| Use | INSECT FUMIGANT SOLVENT FOR NATURAL & SYNTHETIC RESINS, GUMS, CELLULOSE ESTERS & ETHERS, PAINTS, VARNISHES, NAIL ENAMELS AND LACQUERS, CEMENT FOR CELLULOID RAW MATERIAL FOR A NUMBER OF GLYCEROL AND GLYCIDOL DERIVATIVES STABILIZER IN CHLORINE-CONTAINING MATERIALS, PREPN OF CONDENSATES WITH POLYFUNCTIONAL SUBSTANCES COMONOMER FOR UNMODIFIED EPOXY RESINS CHEM INT FOR GLYCIDYL ETHERS-EG, ALLYL GLYCIDYL ETHER CHEM INT FOR SYNTHETIC GLYCERIN COMONOMER FOR POLYAMIDE-EPICHLOROHYDRIN RESINS MONOMER OR COMONOMER IN EPICHLOROHYDRIN ELASTOMERS CHEM INT FOR ALKYL GLYCERYL ETHER SULFONATE SURFACTANTS CHEM INT FOR GLYCIDYL ACRYLATE & GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE; EXAMPLE: FOR FORMATION OF EYEGLASS LENSES. CHEM INT FOR QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS. USED AS INGREDIENTS IN HAIR CONDITIONERS AND SURFACTANTS TO DECREASE MOISTURE LOSS FROM HAIR. CROSS-LINKING AGENT IN STARCH CROSS-LINKING AGENT IN MICROENCAPSULATION HEAT STABILIZER FOR PLASTICS SCAVENGING ADDITIVE TO TRICHLOROETHYLENE SPORICIDE REACTIVE PLASTICIZER CHEM INT FOR POLYTHIOLS Cross-linking agent for cyclodextrins Intermediate in the production of beta-blocker, aryloxypropanolamine. Used as co-stabilizer to further enhance the overall performance of a mixed-metal combination . Used in polymer coating materials in water supply systems. Raw material for epoxy & phenoxy resins, manufacture of glycerol, curing propylene-based rubbers, solvent for cellulose esters and ethers, high wet-strength resins for paper industry. Used in preparation of ion exchange resins, elastomers, solvents, and plasticizers. Manufacture of pharmaceuticals Flexible membrane liners. |
| Consumption Patterns | Epoxy resins, 65%; glycerine, 25%; epichlorohydrin elastomers, 5%; miscellaneous, 5% (1984) |
| Apparent Color | COLORLESS, MOBILE LIQ |
| Odor | ODOR IS GENERALLY PERCEIVED AS A SLIGHTLY IRRITATING CHLOROFORM-LIKE ODOR. ; Pungent, garlic; sweet |
| Boiling Point | 116.5 DEG C |
| Melting Point | -48.0 DEG C |
| Molecular Weight | 92.53 |
| Density | 1.1801 @ 20 DEG C/4 DEG C |
| Odor Threshold Concentration | SENSORY PERCEPTION STUDIES INDICATE THAT MEAN THRESHOLD FOR ODOR RECOGNITION IS APPROX 10 PPM @ 25 PPM IT IS RECOGNIZED BY MAJORITY OF PERSONS. Human Odor Perception: non perception 0.2 mg/cu m; perception 0.3 mg/cu m |
| Sensitivity Data | MARKED NOSE & EYE IRRITATION OCCUR ONLY ABOVE 100 PPM. Epichlorohydrin effect on the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract may be delayed for several hours. Epichlorohydrin causes dermatitis. Inhalation of epichlorohydrin causes irritation of the eyes and throat. |
| Environmental Impact | Epichlorohydrin may be released to the atmosphere and in wastewater during its production and use in epoxy resins, glycerin manufacture, as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals, and other uses. If released into water it will be lost primarily by evaporation (half-life 29 hr in a typical river) and hydrolysis (half-life 8.2 days). It will neither adsorb appreciably to sediment nor bioconcentrate in fish. If spilled on land, it will evaporate and leach into the groundwater where it will hydrolyze. Biodegradation and chemical reactions with ions and reactive species may accelerate its loss in soil and water but data from field studies are lacking. In the atmosphere, epichlorohydrin will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (est half-life 4 days). There is a lack of monitoring data for epichlorohydrin in all but occupational settings. Humans will primarily be exposed to chlorohydrin in occupational settings. |
| Environmental Fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: If spilled on land, epichlorohydrin will evaporate into the atmosphere and leach in soil. Although data are lacking, it is probable that biodegradation and chemical degradation will occur in the soil based upon biodegradation screening studies and the rapid hydrolysis rate. AQUATIC FATE: When released into water, epichlorohydrin will be lost by evaporation (half-life 29 hrs. in a typical river) and hydrolyze (half-life 8.2 days) (produce 1-chloropropan-2,3-diol). In seawater it will additionally react with chloride ions which will reduce its overall half-life to about 5.3 days producing 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol as well as the hydrolysis product. Biodegradation is also likely to occur as is reaction with radicals, but no estimates for the rate of these processes in natural waters could be found. ATMOSPHERIC FATE: When released to the atmosphere, epichlorohydrin will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life 4 days; faster under photochemical smog conditions). It is somewhat soluble in water and will therefore be subject to wash-out by rain. |
| Drinking Water Impact | SURFACE WATER: Detected, not quantified in unspecified surface water . GROUND WATER: Point Pleasant, WV (1/78) - Closest well to 20,000 gal spill resulting from train accident-75 ppm . EFFL: Detected, not quantified in chemical industry effluent in Louisville, KY . |